What Is Upper GI Endoscopy Procedure?

Upper GI endoscopy, also known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is a diagnostic medical procedure used to examine the upper part of the digestive tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the beginning of the small intestine (duodenum). It allows doctors to visually inspect these areas using a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope, equipped with a camera and light. Understanding the CPT codes for GI procedures like EGD is essential for accurate billing, insurance claims, and reimbursement within healthcare systems.

This procedure is commonly used to diagnose symptoms such as persistent heartburn, swallowing difficulties, abdominal pain, nausea, bleeding, or unexplained weight loss. It can also be used to treat certain conditions and collect tissue samples (biopsies) if necessary.

Why Is an Upper GI Endoscopy Done?

Doctors may recommend an upper GI endoscopy for various reasons:

• Diagnosing Symptoms: If a patient has ongoing symptoms like acid reflux, chest pain, indigestion, or vomiting, endoscopy helps find the cause.

• Detecting Conditions: It can identify ulcers, tumors, inflammation, infections, celiac disease, and structural abnormalities like strictures or hiatal hernias.

• Biopsy and Testing: During the procedure, the doctor may take small tissue samples to test for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), cancer, or celiac disease.

• Treating Problems: Upper GI endoscopy can also be used to stop bleeding, remove polyps or foreign objects, dilate narrowed areas, or place feeding tubes.

How to Prepare for the Procedure

Proper preparation is crucial for a successful and safe upper GI endoscopy. Here are the typical steps:

• Fasting: You’ll be asked not to eat or drink anything for at least 6–8 hours before the procedure to ensure your stomach is empty.

• Medication Review: Tell your doctor about any medications you’re taking, especially blood thinners, insulin, or heart medications.

• Medical History: Inform the medical team about any allergies, heart or lung problems, or previous reactions to anesthesia or sedation.

• Consent: You’ll be asked to sign a consent form acknowledging that you understand the risks and benefits of the procedure.

What Happens During the Procedure?

An upper GI endoscopy usually takes 15–30 minutes and is performed in a hospital or outpatient setting. Here’s what to expect:

1. Sedation: You’ll receive a sedative through an IV line to help you relax. You might feel sleepy but will remain responsive. In some cases, a local anesthetic may also be sprayed into your throat to reduce discomfort.

2. Positioning: You’ll lie on your left side on the examination table.

3. Insertion of Endoscope: The doctor will gently insert the lubricated endoscope through your mouth and into your esophagus. You may feel pressure but not pain.

4. Examination and Procedures: The doctor will examine the lining of your esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. If necessary, tools can be passed through the scope to collect biopsies, stop bleeding, or remove objects.

5. Air Inflation: To get a clearer view, air is often pumped into the stomach to expand the area. This might make you feel bloated temporarily.

You’ll be monitored throughout to ensure safety.

After the Endoscopy: Recovery and Results

Most people recover quickly after an upper GI endoscopy:

• Recovery Time: You’ll be monitored in a recovery area until the sedative wears off—usually about 30–60 minutes.

• After Effects: You might have a mild sore throat, bloating, or gas for a few hours. These side effects are normal and typically go away soon.

• Activity: Avoid driving, operating machinery, or making important decisions for the rest of the day, as the sedative can affect your judgment and coordination.

• Eating: You can usually resume eating and drinking once your gag reflex returns—your doctor will provide specific instructions.

Getting Your Results:

• If biopsies were taken, the lab analysis may take a few days.

• Your doctor will explain any findings immediately after the procedure or during a follow-up visit.

Are There Any Risks?

Upper GI endoscopy is considered very safe, especially in experienced hands. However, as with any procedure, there are some risks, including:

• Reactions to sedation

• Bleeding (especially if a biopsy is done)

• Infection (rare)

• Perforation (a small tear in the digestive tract, very rare)

If you experience severe pain, fever, vomiting, or bleeding after the procedure, seek medical help immediately.

Final Thoughts

An upper GI endoscopy is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating a wide range of digestive issues. It is minimally invasive, relatively quick, and typically well tolerated. Understanding what to expect before, during, and after the procedure can help reduce anxiety and ensure a smoother experience.

Always follow your doctor’s instructions closely and ask questions if you have concerns. The more informed you are, the better prepared you’ll be to manage your digestive health.